Batteries ensure the seamless operation of mission-critical data center infrastructure. They step in during unexpected power outages, providing the backup power necessary to maintain uninterrupted services. Given their pivotal role, this article considers how lead-acid batteries are managed throughout their lifecycle, from optimal maintenance to responsible disposal.

In recent years, international environmental initiatives have been pushing for more extensive battery recycling efforts, and this has ignited a growing awareness of the importance of maximizing battery circularity. According to the International Lead Association, a lead battery’s three main components (lead, plastic, acid) are 100 percent recyclable, and lead-acid batteries are a prime example of sustainability in battery chemistry.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 85 percent of the world's lead consumption goes into producing lead-acid batteries. Much of this demand is met by recycled lead. A study by the Battery Council International found that approximately 83 percent of lead used in the US by lead-acid battery manufacturers is sourced from North American recycling facilities. These batteries can be recycled continuously without significant degradation in their properties, making them a sustainability champion.

Comparing recycling routes

Recycling lead-acid batteries has long been a well-established practice with mechanisms in place to ensure environmentally responsible disposal. Data center operators can even recover some of their initial investment by recycling the batteries and providing financial and ecological incentives.

While lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have not yet achieved the circularity of lead-acid batteries, they are continually improving. The recent Battery Innovation Roadmap 2030 by the association for European automotive and industrial battery manufacturers (EUROBAT), says the predominant technologies will be nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP).

A recent research paper published by Narjes Fallah and Colin Fitzpatrick of the University of Limerick suggests that NMC chemistries are more favorable for recycling since they are a good source for the circular supply chain. It is worth noting at this point that EnerSys is committed to ethical sourcing for batteries containing cobalt, ensuring a responsible supply chain.

The complexity and uncertainty surrounding the recycling processes for different battery chemistries should be considered when selecting batteries for data centers.

Battery circular economy

With extensive experience in the data center industry, EnerSys understands the multifaceted challenges data center operators face from an operational, end-of-use, and safety standpoint. The company’s thin plate pure lead (TPPL) battery technology not only improves performance but also maintains the recyclability attributes of traditional lead-acid batteries.

TPPL batteries have a longer lifespan, up to 25 percent longer, and boast enhanced energy density, reducing energy consumption and the number of units needed to meet capacity requirements.

Dedicated to promoting battery recycling in data centers, EnerSys offers a comprehensive battery recycling program for dealing with end-of-life lead-acid batteries.

Operating globally for over two decades, the program accommodates local legislative requirements and offers a flexible approach for individual customers.

The recycling process involves several key steps, including battery collection, separation of component parts, smelting of extracted lead, lead refining, recycling of plastic elements, and electrolyte purification.

The certification and documentation phase ensures compliance with environmental regulations, which customers can keep on file in preparation for any future sustainability auditing.

To enhance the longevity of lead-acid batteries, EnerSys collaborates with scientists at prominent organizations like the US Department of Energy, the American Battery Research Group, and the University of Toledo. Together, they are conducting atomic-level research to understand crystal formation within batteries, aiming to develop solutions that extend battery life significantly.

Conclusion

Data center operators must prioritize the responsible disposal of batteries used in their backup power systems. Opting for batteries with well-established recycling paths not only safeguards the environment but also unlocks their residual value.

Effective solutions for battery decommissioning are crucial, and engaging with suppliers like EnerSys that offer comprehensive support is paramount. By doing so, data centers can contribute to a truly circular economy and a more sustainable future.

For more information on high-performance data center batteries by EnerSys, visit enersys.com.