Israel and the US have hit at least two data centers in Tehran, according to Holistic Resilience.

The non-profit, which is mapping airstrikes on Iran, said that one of the data centers was used by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Specific information on the facilities and their operators was not shared.

The strikes follow several attacks on Amazon Web Services data centers, with two hit by drone strikes in the UAE and a third damaged in Bahrain. The strikes, which were retaliation for a bombing campaign by the US and Israel, have caused ongoing outages at Amazon's ME-CENTRAL-1 and ME-SOUTH-1 cloud regions.

As critical infrastructure, data centers are targets in war, with their function key to military, government, and civilian operations. Earlier this year, Ukrainian forces took out a Russian data center with drones, with the facility allegedly used for the Russian war effort.

However, the strikes on AWS were the first publicly confirmed instance of a US hyperscale data center being impacted by physical attacks in a war. Whether the facilities were used for military workloads alongside civilian is unknown. AWS customers include the US Department of Defense.

It is also unknown if the attacks on Iranian data centers were retaliation for the AWS strikes, or simply part of the broader destruction of Iran's critical infrastructure. Fiber cables and telecoms sites are also believed to be impacted, but may be collateral damage from the wider bombing campaign.

Iran has also moved to disconnect its own people, enforcing an Internet shutdown around four hours after the start of the war.

"Metrics show Internet connectivity flatlining at one percent of ordinary levels as the regional conflict escalates," outage tracker NetBlocks said. "The regime-imposed blackout is the second this year and follows the shutdown in January when thousands were killed."