Microsoft: Assessing Trends Over Time In Performance, Costs And Energy Use For Servers

Jonathan G. Koomey - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Stanford University
Christian Belady - Microsoft Corporation
Michael Patterson - Intel Corporation
Anthony Santos - Intel Corporation
Klaus-Dieter Lange - Hewlett-Packard Corporation

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Introduction

As data centers have grown in both economic importance and cost, the need for understanding the underlying drivers of total costs in the data center has also increased. In particular, the relationships among processing power, energy use, and purchase costs of information technology (IT) equipment in these facilities strongly affect the fraction of total costs attributable to IT equipment (as distinct from facilities/infrastructure equipment like chillers and power distribution systems).